Complete lists of additives
All food additives are listed below by code number and by name
There are currently about 320 permitted food additives in Australia/New Zealand.
About 50 are most likely to cause adverse reactions. They are marked in RED with “AVOID”
Other Additives in ORANGE should be used, if at all, with caution. Very few of any of the additives listed have been adequately tested from the point of view of food intolerance so it is possible for individuals to react even if the additive is not shown in red.
Other additives are unlikely to cause food intolerance reactions. This includes anti-caking agents, bleaches, some emulsifiers, mineral salts, propellants, food acids, sweeteners (but see factsheet), thickening agents, vegetable gums and vitamins.
For countries other than Australia and New Zealand, see USA where different numbers and names are used; and artificial colours around the world. Use links for medications and toothpaste that use Color Index (CI) numbers; some are shown below.
You can also search the international Codex Alimentarius http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/dbs/gsfa/en/ or the Australia/New Zealand Food Standards Code http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/Pages/default.aspx
Last update on cautions and avoid October 2023
Last update April 2021 by Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code Schedule 8: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2021C00324
– Monk fruit extract or luo han guo extract
– Sodium hydrosulphite
– Sweet osmanthus ear glycolipids
Colours
100 Curcumin or turmeric, yellow (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)
101 Riboflavin, lactoflavin, vitamin B2, Riboflavin-5′-phosphate sodium, yellow (failsafe)
102 Tartrazine, yellow #5, CI 19140, artificial AVOID
103 Alkanet or Alkannin, pink (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)
104 Quinoline yellow, CI 47005, artificial AVOID
110 Sunset yellow FCF, yellow #6, CI 15985, artificial AVOID
120 Cochineal or carmines or carminic acid, red (from beetles, can cause true allergy – CAUTION)
122 Azorubine or Carmoisine, CI 14720, artificial AVOID
123 Amaranth, CI 16185, artificial AVOID
124 Ponceau 4R, brilliant scarlet, CI 16255, artificial AVOID
127 Erythrosine, red #3, CI 45430, artificial AVOID
129 Allura red AC, red #40, CI 16035, artificial AVOID
132 Indigotine, indigo carmine, blue #2, CI 73015, artificial AVOID
133 Brilliant Blue FCF, blue #1, CI 42090, artificial AVOID
140 Chlorophyll (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)
141 Chlorophyll-copper complex, Chlorophyllin copper complex, sodium and potassium salts (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)
142 Green S, acid brilliant green, CI 44090, artificial AVOID
143 Fast green FCF, green #3, CI 42053, artificial AVOID
150a Caramel I, plain
150b Caramel II, caustic sulphur process
150c Caramel III, ammonia process
150d Caramel IV, ammonia sulphite process
151 Brilliant black BN or Brilliant black PN, CI28440, artificial AVOID
153 Carbon blacks or Vegetable carbon
155 Brown HT, chocolate brown, CI 52028, artificial AVOID
160a Carotene, beta carotene (failsafe)
160b Annatto extracts, bixin, norbixin, CI 75120, AVOID
160c Paprika oleoresins(concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)
160d Lycopene (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)
160e b-apo-8′-Carotenal
160f b-apo-8′-Carotenoic acid methyl or ethyl ester
161a Flavoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)
161b Lutein (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)
161c Kryptoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)
161d Rubixanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)
161e Violoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)
161f Rhodoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)
162 Beet red (may contain sodium nitrate - preservative 251- up to 25 mg/kg - CAUTION)
163 Anthocyanins or Grape skin extract or Blackcurrant extract, red, blue, violet (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)
164 Saffron or crocetin or crocin (pure colour from the saffron plant is failsafe but commercial saffron may be mixed with artificial colour 102 – CAUTION)
170 Calcium carbonate, mineral colour and calcium supplement (failsafe)
171 Titanium dioxide, mineral colour, white, CI 77891, (RPAH lists as unlikely to affect behaviour but recent research suggests an increased risk of chronic intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis and it is banned in the EU from 2022)
172 Iron oxide, red, black, yellow mineral colours, CI 77491, (failsafe)
173 Aluminium, mineral colour
174 Silver, mineral colour
175 Gold, mineral colour
181 Tannic acid or tannins, brown (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION)
Preservatives - sorbates (associated with the full range of food intolerance reactions)
200 Sorbic acid AVOID
201 Sodium sorbate AVOID
202 Potassium sorbate AVOID
203 Calcium sorbate AVOID
Preservatives - benzoates (associated with the full range of food intolerance reactions)
210 Benzoic acid AVOID
211 Sodium benzoate AVOID
212 Potassium benzoate AVOID
213 Calcium benzoate AVOID
216 Propylparaben or Propyl-p-hydroxy-benzoate (only permitted in food colours but watch out for them in medications - CAUTION)
218 Methylparaben or Methyl-p-hydroxy-benzoate (only permitted in food colours but watch out for them in medications - CAUTION)
Preservatives - sulphites, sulfites (associated with the full range of food intolerance reactions but particularly asthma. Not to be confused with sulphates 514-519 which are failsafe)
220 Sulphur dioxide AVOID
221 Sodium sulphite, sulfite AVOID
222 Sodium bisulphite, bisulfite AVOID
223 Sodium metabisulphite, metabisulfite, meta AVOID
224 Potassium metabisulphite, metabisulfite, meta AVOID
225 Potassium sulphite, sulfite AVOID
228 Potassium bisulphite, sulfite AVOID
234 Nisin (type of antibiotic)
235 Natamycin or pimaricin (type of antibiotic)
242 Dimethyl dicarbonate (preservative reclassified as a Processing Aid, like ozone, hydrogen peroxide, lactoperoxidase, sodium thiocyanate and octanoic acid)
243 Ethyl lauroyl arginate (antimicrobial)
Preservatives - nitrates and nitrites (also colour fixative function. Unlike many food additives, nitrates and nitrites are necessary. Used in processed meats, they prevent bacterial growth and food poisoning, but they are not failsafe and there are other health issues). See also hidden additives
249 Potassium nitrite AVOID
250 Sodium nitrite AVOID
251 Sodium nitrate AVOID
252 Potassium nitrate AVOID
Food acids
260 Acetic acid, glacial
261 Potassium acetate or Potassium diacetate
262 Sodium acetate, Sodium diacetate
263 Calcium acetate
264 Ammonium acetate
270 Lactic acid
Preservatives - propionates (widespread in bakery products in Australia, UK and USA, rarely used in Europe. Frequently hidden as INGREDIENTS as ‘cultured wheat', 'cultured dextrose’ and various other ‘cultured’ ingredients; and as 'fermented wheat', 'fermented wheat flour' etc)
280 Propionic acid AVOID
281 Sodium propionate AVOID
282 Calcium propionate AVOID
283 Potassium propionate AVOID
290 Carbon dioxide (propellant)
296 Malic acid (food acid)
297 Fumaric acid (food acid)
Antioxidants (Gallates and TBHQ, BHA and BHT are used to preserve vegetable oils and margarines. When vegetable oils are used in other products, these antioxidants are often unlisted because of the 5% labelling loophole. BHA and BHT can also leach into products from cereal wrappers and clingfilm. Antioxidants 300-309 are failsafe)
300 Ascorbic acid
301 Sodium ascorbate
302 Calcium ascorbate
303 Potassium ascorbate
304 Ascorbyl palmitate
307 α-Tocopherol, Vitamin E
307b Tocopherols concentrate, mixed, Vitamin E
308 δ-Tocopherol, synthetic
309 γ-Tocopherol, synthetic
310 Propyl gallate AVOID
311 Octyl gallate AVOID
312 Dodecyl gallate AVOID
315 Erythorbic acid
316 Sodium erythorbate
319 tert-Butylhydroquinone, TBHQ AVOID
320 Butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA AVOID
321 Butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT AVOID
322 Lecithin
More food acids
325 Sodium lactate
326 Potassium lactate
327 Calcium lactate
328 Ammonium lactate
329 Magnesium lactate
330 Citric acid
331 Sodium citrate, Sodium dihydrogen citrate
332 Potassium citrate, Potassium dihydrogen citrate
333 Calcium citrate
334 Tartaric acid
335 Sodium tartrate
336 Potassium tartrate or Potassium acid tartrate
338 Phosphoric acid
Mineral salts
339 Sodium phosphate, dibasic, monobasic, tribasic
340 Potassium phosphate, dibasic , monobasic, tribasic
341 Calcium phosphate, dibasic or calcium hydrogen phosphate, monobasic or calcium dihydrogen phosphate, tribasic
342 Ammonium phosphate, dibasic, monobasic or Ammonium dihydrogen phosphates
343 Magnesium phosphate, dibasic, monobasic, tribasic
349 Ammonium malate
350 Sodium malate, Sodium hydrogen malate
351 Potassium malate
352 Calcium malate
353 Metatartaric acid
354 Calcium tartrate
355 Adipic acid
357 Potassium adipate
359 Ammonium adipates
363 Succinic acid
365 Sodium fumarate
366 Potassium fumarate
367 Calcium fumarate
368 Ammonium fumarate
380 Ammonium citrate, Triammonium citrate
381 Ferric ammonium citrate
385 Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate or calcium disodium EDTA
392 Rosemary extract (concentrated, can be high in salicylates – CAUTION)
Vegetable gums and thickeners (failsafe. Guar and xanthan are used extensively by coeliacs)
400 Alginic acid
401 Sodium alginate
402 Potassium alginate
403 Ammonium alginate
404 Calcium alginate
405 Propylene glycol alginate
406 Agar
407 Carrageenan - CAUTION
407a Processed eucheuma seaweed
409 Arabinogalactan or larch gum
410 Locust bean gum or carob bean gum
412 Guar gum
413 Tragacanth gum
414 Acacia or gum arabic
415 Xanthan gum
416 Karaya gum
417 Tara gum
418 Gellan gum
Humectants also used as sweeteners (excess consumption may have a laxative effect)
420 Sorbitol or sorbitol syrup (excess consumption may have a laxative effect)
421 Mannitol (excess consumption may have a laxative effect)
422 Glycerin or glycerol
Emulsifiers
431 Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate
433 Polysorbate 80 or Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate - CAUTION
435 Polysorbate 60 or Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate - CAUTION
436 Polysorbate 65 or Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate - CAUTION
440 Pectin (failsafe gelling agent)
442 Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid
444 Sucrose acetate isobutyrate
445 Glycerol esters of wood rosins
More mineral salts
450 Pyrophosphates, Potassium pyrophosphate, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, Sodium pyrophosphate
451 Triphosphates, Potassium tripolyphosphate, Sodium tripolyphosphate
452 Polyphosphates, Potassium polymetaphosphate, Sodium metaphosphate, insoluble, Sodium polyphosphates, glassy
Thickeners
455 Yeast mannoproteins
456 Potassium polyaspartate
460 Cellulose microcrystalline, powdered (anti-caking agent) - CAUTION
461 Methyl cellulose - CAUTION
463 Hydroxypropyl cellulose - CAUTION
464 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose - CAUTION
465 Methyl ethyl cellulose - CAUTION
466 Sodium carboxymethylcellulose - CAUTION
Emulsifiers
470 Fatty acid salts of aluminium, ammonia, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium - CAUTION
471 Mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids - CAUTION
472a Acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol - CAUTION
472b Lactic and fatty acid esters of glycerol - CAUTION
472c Citric and fatty acid esters of glycerol - CAUTION
472e Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol - CAUTION
472f Mixed tartaric, acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol or tartaric, acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol (mixed) - CAUTION
473 Sucrose esters of fatty acids
475 Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids
476 Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid
477 Propylene glycol mono- and di-esters or Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids
480 Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate
481 Sodium lactylate, oleyl lactylate, stearoyl lactylate
482 Calcium lactylate, oleyl lactylate, stearoyl lactylate
491 Sorbitan monostearate
492 Sorbitan tristearate
Mineral salts (often used as anti-caking agents too)
500 Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium carbonate
501 Potassium bicarbonate, Potassium carbonate
503 Ammonium carbonate, Ammonium hydrogen carbonate
504 Magnesium carbonate
507 Hydrochloric acid
508 Potassium chloride
509 Calcium chloride
510 Ammonium chloride
511 Magnesium chloride
512 Stannous chloride
514 Sodium sulphate
515 Potassium sulphate
516 Calcium sulphate
518 Magnesium sulphate
519 Cupric sulphate
526 Calcium hydroxide
529 Calcium oxide
530 Magnesium oxide
535 Sodium ferrocyanide
536 Potassium ferrocyanide
541 Sodium aluminium phosphate
542 Bone phosphate
551 Silicon dioxide, amorphous
552 Calcium silicate
553 Magnesium silicate or Talc
554 Sodium aluminosilicate
555 Potassium aluminium silicate
556 Calcium aluminium silicate
558 Bentonite
559 Aluminium silicate
560 Potassium silicate
570 Stearic acid or fatty acid
575 Glucono δ-lactone or Glucono delta-lactone
576 Sodium gluconate
577 Potassium gluconate
578 Calcium gluconate
579 Ferrous gluconate
580 Magnesium gluconate
586 4-hexylresorcinol
Flavour enhancers, glutamates and glutamate boosters (frequently hidden as yeast extract, hydrolysed vegetable protein HVP or hydrolysed plant protein HPP, see Hidden additives and 129 ways food manufacturers avoid declaring these additives
620 L-glutamic acid AVOID
621 Monosodium L-glutamate or MSG AVOID
622 Monopotassium L-glutamate AVOID
623 Calcium glutamate AVOID
624 Monoammonium L-glutamate AVOID
625 Magnesium glutamate AVOID
627 Disodium-5′-guanylate AVOID
631 Disodium-5′-inosinate AVOID
635 Disodium-5′-ribonucleotides AVOID
636 Maltol
637 Ethyl maltol
640 Glycine
641 L-Leucine
Miscellaneous additives
900a Polydimethylsiloxane or Dimethylpolysiloxane (emulsifier, antifoaming agent, anti- caking agent)
901 Beeswax, white and yellow (glazing agent)
903 Carnauba wax (glazing agent)
904 Shellac (glazing agent)
905a Mineral oil, white (reclassified as a Processing Aid)
905b Petrolatum or petroleum jelly (glazing agent)
914 Oxidised polyethylene (humectant)
920 L-cysteine monohydrochloride
925 Chlorine (reclassified as a Processing Aid, flour treatment agent)
926 Chlorine dioxide (reclassified as a Processing Aid, flour treatment agent)
928 Benzoyl peroxide (reclassified as a Processing Aid, flour treatment agent)
Propellants
941 Nitrogen
942 Nitrous oxide
943a Butane
943b Isobutane
944 Propane
946 Octafluorocyclobutane
Artificial sweeteners (the safety of these is not adequately proven. Used in ‘diet’, ‘lite’ and ‘no added sugar’ products they may increase appetitethey may increase appetite and lead to addiction. Artificial sweeteners in general are unnecessary, artificial and not recommended. Sugar is a natural alternative)
950 Acesulphame potassium CAUTION
951 Aspartame, Nutrasweet, Equal CAUTION
952 Cyclamate or calcium cyclamate or sodium cyclamate CAUTION
953 Isomalt (excess consumption may have a laxative effect)
954 Saccharin CAUTION
955 Sucralose CAUTION
956 Alitame CAUTION
957 Thaumatin
960 Steviol glycosides
961 Neotame CAUTION
962 Aspartame-acesulphame salt CAUTION
965 Maltitol and maltitol syrup or hydrogenated glucose syrup (excess consumption may have a laxative effect)
966 Lactitol (excess consumption may have a laxative effect)
967 Xylitol (excess consumption may have a laxative effect)
968 Erythritol (excess consumption may have a laxative effect)
969 Advantame CAUTION
Foaming agents
999(i) Quillaia extract (type 1) CAUTION
999(ii) Quillaia extract (type 2) CAUTION
Additional chemicals
1001 Choline salts
1100 α-Amylase
1101 Proteases (papain, bromelain, ficin)
1102 Glucose oxidase
1104 Lipases
1105 Lysozyme
1200 Polydextrose (excess consumption may have a laxative effect)
1201 Polyvinylpyrrolidone
1400 Dextrin roasted starch
1401 Acid treated starch
1402 Alkaline treated starch
1403 Bleached starch
1404 Oxidised starch
1405 Enzyme treated starches
1410 Monostarch phosphate
1412 Distarch phosphate
1413 Phosphated distarch phosphate
1414 Acetylated distarch phosphate
1420 Starch acetate
1422 Acetylated distarch adipate
1440 Hydroxypropyl starch
1442 Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate
1450 Starch sodium octenylsuccinate
1451 Acetylated oxidised starch
1505 Triethyl citrate
1518 Triacetin
1520 Propylene glycol
1521 Polyethylene glycol 8000
1522 Calcium lignosulphonate (40-65)
4-hexylresorcinol |
586 |
Acacia or gum arabic |
414 |
Acesulphame potassium CAUTION |
950 |
Acetic acid, glacial |
260 |
Acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol - CAUTION |
472a |
Acetylated distarch adipate |
1422 |
Acetylated distarch phosphate |
1414 |
Acetylated oxidised starch |
1451 |
Acid treated starch |
1401 |
Adipic acid |
355 |
Advantame CAUTION |
969 |
Agar |
406 |
Alginic acid |
400 |
Alitame CAUTION |
956 |
Alkaline treated starch |
1402 |
Alkanet or Alkannin, pink (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) |
103 |
Allura red AC, red #40, CI 16035, artificial AVOID |
129 |
Aluminium silicate |
559 |
Aluminium, mineral colour |
173 |
Amaranth, CI 16185, artificial AVOID |
123 |
Ammonium acetate |
264 |
Ammonium adipates |
359 |
Ammonium alginate |
403 |
Ammonium carbonate, Ammonium hydrogen carbonate |
503 |
Ammonium chloride |
510 |
Ammonium citrate, Triammonium citrate |
380 |
Ammonium fumarate |
368 |
Ammonium lactate |
328 |
Ammonium malate |
349 |
Ammonium phosphate, dibasic, monobasic or Ammonium dihydrogen phosphates |
342 |
Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid |
442 |
Annatto extracts, bixin, norbixin, CI 75120, AVOID |
160b |
Anthocyanins or Grape skin extract or Blackcurrant extract, red, blue, violet (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) |
163 |
Arabinogalactan or larch gum |
409 |
Ascorbic acid |
300 |
Ascorbyl palmitate |
304 |
Aspartame, Nutrasweet, Equal CAUTION |
951 |
Aspartame-acesulphame salt CAUTION |
962 |
Azorubine or Carmoisine, CI 14720, artificial AVOID |
122 |
b-apo-8′-Carotenal |
160e |
b-apo-8′-Carotenoic acid methyl or ethyl ester |
160f |
Beeswax, white and yellow (glazing agent) |
901 |
Beet red (may contain sodium nitrate - preservative 251- up to 25 mg/kg - CAUTION) |
162 |
Bentonite |
558 |
Benzoic acid AVOID |
210 |
Benzoyl peroxide (reclassified as a Processing Aid, flour treatment agent) |
928 |
Bleached starch |
1403 |
Bone phosphate |
542 |
Brilliant black BN or Brilliant black PN, CI28440, artificial AVOID |
151 |
Brilliant Blue FCF, blue #1, CI 42090, artificial AVOID |
133 |
Brown HT, chocolate brown, CI 52028, artificial AVOID |
155 |
Butane |
943a |
Butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA AVOID |
320 |
Butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT AVOID |
321 |
Calcium acetate |
263 |
Calcium alginate |
404 |
Calcium aluminium silicate |
556 |
Calcium ascorbate |
302 |
Calcium benzoate AVOID |
213 |
Calcium carbonate, mineral colour and calcium supplement (failsafe) |
170 |
Calcium chloride |
509 |
Calcium citrate |
333 |
Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate or calcium disodium EDTA |
385 |
Calcium fumarate |
367 |
Calcium gluconate |
578 |
Calcium glutamate AVOID |
623 |
Calcium hydroxide |
526 |
Calcium lactate |
327 |
Calcium lactylate, oleyl lactylate, stearoyl lactylate |
482 |
Calcium lignosulphonate (40-65) |
1522 |
Calcium malate |
352 |
Calcium oxide |
529 |
Calcium phosphate, dibasic or calcium hydrogen phosphate, monobasic or calcium dihydrogen phosphate, tribasic |
341 |
Calcium propionate AVOID |
282 |
Calcium silicate |
552 |
Calcium sorbate AVOID |
203 |
Calcium sulphate |
516 |
Calcium tartrate |
354 |
Caramel I, plain |
150a |
Caramel II, caustic sulphur process |
150b |
Caramel III, ammonia process |
150c |
Caramel IV, ammonia sulphite process |
150d |
Carbon blacks or Vegetable carbon |
153 |
Carbon dioxide (propellant) |
290 |
Carnauba wax (glazing agent) |
903 |
Carotene, beta carotene (failsafe) |
160a |
Carrageenan - CAUTION |
407 |
Cellulose microcrystalline, powdered (anti-caking agent) - CAUTION |
460 |
Chlorine (reclassified as a Processing Aid, flour treatment agent) |
925 |
Chlorine dioxide (reclassified as a Processing Aid, flour treatment agent) |
926 |
Chlorophyll (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) |
140 |
Chlorophyll-copper complex, Chlorophyllin copper complex, sodium and potassium salts (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) |
141 |
Choline salts |
1001 |
Citric acid |
330 |
Citric and fatty acid esters of glycerol - CAUTION |
472c |
Cochineal or carmines or carminic acid, red (from beetles, can cause true allergy – CAUTION) |
120 |
Cupric sulphate |
519 |
Curcumin or turmeric, yellow (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) |
100 |
Cyclamate or calcium cyclamate or sodium cyclamate CAUTION |
952 |
Dextrin roasted starch |
1400 |
Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol - CAUTION |
472e |
Dimethyl dicarbonate (preservative reclassified as a Processing Aid, like ozone, hydrogen peroxide, lactoperoxidase, sodium thiocyanate and octanoic acid) |
242 |
Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate |
480 |
Disodium-5′-guanylate AVOID |
627 |
Disodium-5′-inosinate AVOID |
631 |
Disodium-5′-ribonucleotides AVOID |
635 |
Distarch phosphate |
1412 |
Dodecyl gallate AVOID |
312 |
Enzyme treated starches |
1405 |
Erythorbic acid |
315 |
Erythritol (excess consumption may have a laxative effect) |
968 |
Erythrosine, red #3, CI 45430, artificial AVOID |
127 |
Ethyl lauroyl arginate (antimicrobial) |
243 |
Ethyl maltol |
637 |
Fast green FCF, green #3, CI 42053, artificial AVOID |
143 |
Fatty acid salts of aluminium, ammonia, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium - CAUTION |
470 |
Ferric ammonium citrate |
381 |
Ferrous gluconate |
579 |
Flavoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) |
161a |
Fumaric acid (food acid) |
297 |
Gellan gum |
418 |
Glucono δ-lactone or Glucono delta-lactone |
575 |
Glucose oxidase |
1102 |
Glycerin or glycerol |
422 |
Glycerol esters of wood rosins |
445 |
Glycine |
640 |
Gold, mineral colour |
175 |
Green S, acid brilliant green, CI 44090, artificial AVOID |
142 |
Guar gum |
412 |
Hydrochloric acid |
507 |
Hydroxypropyl cellulose - CAUTION |
463 |
Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate |
1442 |
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose - CAUTION |
464 |
Hydroxypropyl starch |
1440 |
Indigotine, indigo carmine, blue #2, CI 73015, artificial AVOID |
132 |
Iron oxide, red, black, yellow mineral colours, CI 77491, (failsafe) |
172 |
Isobutane |
943b |
Isomalt (excess consumption may have a laxative effect) |
953 |
Karaya gum |
416 |
Kryptoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) |
161c |
Lactic acid |
270 |
Lactic and fatty acid esters of glycerol - CAUTION |
472b |
Lactitol (excess consumption may have a laxative effect) |
966 |
L-cysteine monohydrochloride |
920 |
Lecithin |
322 |
L-glutamic acid AVOID |
620 |
Lipases |
1104 |
L-Leucine |
641 |
Locust bean gum or carob bean gum |
410 |
Lutein (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) |
161b |
Lycopene (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) |
160d |
Lysozyme |
1105 |
Magnesium carbonate |
504 |
Magnesium chloride |
511 |
Magnesium gluconate |
580 |
Magnesium glutamate AVOID |
625 |
Magnesium lactate |
329 |
Magnesium oxide |
530 |
Magnesium phosphate, dibasic, monobasic, tribasic |
343 |
Magnesium silicate or Talc |
553 |
Magnesium sulphate |
518 |
Malic acid (food acid) |
296 |
Maltitol and maltitol syrup or hydrogenated glucose syrup (excess consumption may have a laxative effect) |
965 |
Maltol |
636 |
Mannitol (excess consumption may have a laxative effect) |
421 |
Metatartaric acid |
353 |
Methyl cellulose - CAUTION |
461 |
Methyl ethyl cellulose - CAUTION |
465 |
Methylparaben or Methyl-p-hydroxy-benzoate (only permitted in food colours but watch out for them in medications - CAUTION) |
218 |
Mineral oil, white (reclassified as a Processing Aid) |
905a |
Mixed tartaric, acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol or tartaric, acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol (mixed) - CAUTION |
472f |
Monk fruit extract or luo han guo extract |
– |
Mono- and di-glycerides of fatty acids - CAUTION |
471 |
Monoammonium L-glutamate AVOID |
624 |
Monopotassium L-glutamate AVOID |
622 |
Monosodium L-glutamate or MSG AVOID |
621 |
Monostarch phosphate |
1410 |
Natamycin or pimaricin (type of antibiotic) |
235 |
Neotame CAUTION |
961 |
Nisin (type of antibiotic) |
234 |
Nitrogen |
941 |
Nitrous oxide |
942 |
Octafluorocyclobutane |
946 |
Octyl gallate AVOID |
311 |
Oxidised polyethylene (humectant) |
914 |
Oxidised starch |
1404 |
Paprika oleoresins(concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) |
160c |
Pectin (failsafe gelling agent) |
440 |
Petrolatum or petroleum jelly (glazing agent) |
905b |
Phosphated distarch phosphate |
1413 |
Phosphoric acid |
338 |
Polydextrose (excess consumption may have a laxative effect) |
1200 |
Polydimethylsiloxane or Dimethylpolysiloxane (emulsifier, antifoaming agent, anti- caking agent) |
900a |
Polyethylene glycol 8000 |
1521 |
Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids |
475 |
Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid |
476 |
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate |
431 |
Polyphosphates, Potassium polymetaphosphate, Sodium metaphosphate, insoluble, Sodium polyphosphates, glassy |
452 |
Polysorbate 60 or Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate |
435 |
Polysorbate 65 or Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate |
436 |
Polysorbate 80 or Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate |
433 |
Polyvinylpyrrolidone |
1201 |
Ponceau 4R, brilliant scarlet, CI 16255, artificial AVOID |
124 |
Potassium acetate or Potassium diacetate |
261 |
Potassium adipate |
357 |
Potassium alginate |
402 |
Potassium aluminium silicate |
555 |
Potassium ascorbate |
303 |
Potassium benzoate AVOID |
212 |
Potassium bicarbonate, Potassium carbonate |
501 |
Potassium bisulphite, sulfite AVOID |
228 |
Potassium chloride |
508 |
Potassium citrate, Potassium dihydrogen citrate |
332 |
Potassium ferrocyanide |
536 |
Potassium fumarate |
366 |
Potassium gluconate |
577 |
Potassium lactate |
326 |
Potassium malate |
351 |
Potassium metabisulphite, metabisulfite, meta AVOID |
224 |
Potassium nitrate AVOID |
252 |
Potassium nitrite AVOID |
249 |
Potassium phosphate, dibasic , monobasic, tribasic |
340 |
Potassium polyaspartate |
456 |
Potassium propionate AVOID |
283 |
Potassium silicate |
560 |
Potassium sorbate AVOID |
202 |
Potassium sulphate |
515 |
Potassium sulphite, sulfite AVOID |
225 |
Potassium tartrate or Potassium acid tartrate |
336 |
Processed eucheuma seaweed |
407a |
Propane |
944 |
Propionic acid AVOID |
280 |
Propyl gallate AVOID |
310 |
Propylene glycol |
1520 |
Propylene glycol alginate |
405 |
Propylene glycol mono- and di-esters or Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids |
477 |
Propylparaben or Propyl-p-hydroxy-benzoate (only permitted in food colours but watch out for them in medications - CAUTION) |
216 |
Proteases (papain, bromelain, ficin) |
1101 |
Pyrophosphates, Potassium pyrophosphate, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, Sodium pyrophosphate |
450 |
Quillaia extract (type 1) CAUTION |
999(i) |
Quillaia extract (type 2) CAUTION |
999(ii) |
Quinoline yellow, CI 47005, artificial AVOID |
104 |
Rhodoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) |
161f |
Riboflavin, lactoflavin, vitamin B2, Riboflavin-5′-phosphate sodium, yellow (failsafe) |
101 |
Rosemary extract (concentrated, can be high in salicylates – CAUTION) |
392 |
Rubixanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) |
161d |
Saccharin CAUTION |
954 |
Saffron or crocetin or crocin (pure colour from the saffron plant is failsafe but commercial saffron may be mixed with artificial colour 102 – CAUTION) |
164 |
Shellac (glazing agent) |
904 |
Silicon dioxide, amorphous |
551 |
Silver, mineral colour |
174 |
Sodium acetate, Sodium diacetate |
262 |
Sodium alginate |
401 |
Sodium aluminium phosphate |
541 |
Sodium aluminosilicate |
554 |
Sodium ascorbate |
301 |
Sodium benzoate AVOID |
211 |
Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium carbonate |
500 |
Sodium bisulphite, bisulfite AVOID |
222 |
Sodium carboxymethylcellulose - CAUTION |
466 |
Sodium citrate, Sodium dihydrogen citrate |
331 |
Sodium erythorbate |
316 |
Sodium ferrocyanide |
535 |
Sodium fumarate |
365 |
Sodium gluconate |
576 |
Sodium hydrosulphite |
– |
Sodium lactate |
325 |
Sodium lactylate, oleyl lactylate, stearoyl lactylate |
481 |
Sodium malate, Sodium hydrogen malate |
350 |
Sodium metabisulphite, metabisulfite, meta AVOID |
223 |
Sodium nitrate AVOID |
251 |
Sodium nitrite AVOID |
250 |
Sodium phosphate, dibasic, monobasic, tribasic |
339 |
Sodium propionate AVOID |
281 |
Sodium sorbate AVOID |
201 |
Sodium sulphate |
514 |
Sodium sulphite, sulfite AVOID |
221 |
Sodium tartrate |
335 |
Sorbic acid AVOID |
200 |
Sorbitan monostearate |
491 |
Sorbitan tristearate |
492 |
Sorbitol or sorbitol syrup (excess consumption may have a laxative effect) |
420 |
Stannous chloride |
512 |
Starch acetate |
1420 |
Starch sodium octenylsuccinate |
1450 |
Stearic acid or fatty acid |
570 |
Steviol glycosides |
960 |
Succinic acid |
363 |
Sucralose CAUTION |
955 |
Sucrose acetate isobutyrate |
444 |
Sucrose esters of fatty acids |
473 |
Sulphur dioxide AVOID |
220 |
Sunset yellow FCF, yellow #6, CI 15985, artificial AVOID |
110 |
Sweet osmanthus ear glycolipids |
– |
Tannic acid or tannins, brown (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) |
181 |
Tara gum |
417 |
Tartaric acid |
334 |
Tartrazine, yellow #5, CI 19140, artificial AVOID |
102 |
tert-Butylhydroquinone, TBHQ AVOID |
319 |
Thaumatin |
957 |
Titanium dioxide, mineral colour, white, CI 77891, (RPAH lists as unlikely to affect behaviour but recent research suggests an increased risk of chronic intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis and it is banned in the EU from 2022) |
171 |
Tocopherols concentrate, mixed, Vitamin E |
307b |
Tragacanth gum |
413 |
Triacetin |
1518 |
Triethyl citrate |
1505 |
Triphosphates, Potassium tripolyphosphate, Sodium tripolyphosphate |
451 |
Violoxanthin (concentrated natural colours can be high in salicylates, amines or glutamates – CAUTION) |
161e |
Xanthan gum |
415 |
Xylitol (excess consumption may have a laxative effect) |
967 |
Yeast mannoproteins |
455 |
α-Amylase |
1100 |
α-Tocopherol, Vitamin E |
307 |
γ-Tocopherol, synthetic |
309 |
δ-Tocopherol, synthetic |
308 |
Date of last update October 2023